The Writer's Journey -

The central crisis of the story. The hero hits rock bottom, confronts their greatest fear, and undergoes a metaphorical "death and rebirth".

Archetypes are not rigid stereotypes; they are functions performed by characters to move the story forward. A single character can fulfill multiple archetypal roles throughout your story. The Writer's Journey

The energy of the dark side. This is typically the villain or antagonist who creates the central conflict. The central crisis of the story

Characters whose loyalty and true nature are uncertain, keeping the hero and the audience guessing. A single character can fulfill multiple archetypal roles

Menacing forces or obstacles placed at gateways to test the hero's resolve before they can enter new worlds.

The wise teacher or protector who guides the hero, provides training, or offers vital supplies or magical gifts.

Vogler divides the story into a classic three-act structure, expanded into a highly detailed 12-stage arc. Act I: Departure