Protocoalele Г®nејelepејilor Sionului (FHD)

The forgery was first definitively debunked in 1921 by , a journalist for The Times (London) , who demonstrated the side-by-side plagiarism of Joly’s satire. Subsequent legal trials, such as the Berne Trial (1934–1935) in Switzerland, officially ruled the document "ridiculous nonsense" and a fabrication. Global Impact and Legacy

Despite being proven a fake, the document has had a devastating impact on modern history: Protocoalele Г®nЕЈelepЕЈilor Sionului

A French political satire by Maurice Joly that criticized Napoleon III and did not mention Jewish people at all. The forgery was first definitively debunked in 1921

The text was concocted by the (Russian secret police) at the turn of the 20th century. It is not an original work but a clumsy plagiarism of several earlier sources: a journalist for The Times (London)