: This paper explores how "audio memes" act as emotional templates . It explains that repetitive sounds immediately inform a viewer’s feelings about a video before they even see the visual content.

: An iconic thunder effect first recorded for the 1931 film Frankenstein .

: This study focuses on how sounds become "polyvocal" templates for reuse, turning a single voice or effect into a global meme through semi-automated sharing features. 2. Key Concepts in Meme Sound Research

If you are looking for a deep dive into how meme sounds function, these three papers cover the most significant angles: