Kratkoe Soderzhanie 14 Paragrafa | Istorii Novogo Vremeni 7 Klass

France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers, while the Holy Roman Empire was significantly weakened. 💡 Core Vocabulary

Summary: International Relations in the 16th–17th Centuries France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers,

Equality between Catholicism and Protestantism (Lutheranism and Calvinism) within the Empire. France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers,

The political or military predominance of one state over others. France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers,

This was the defining conflict of the era, initially sparked by religious tensions in Bohemia but evolving into a continent-wide struggle for power.

The Reformation split Europe into Catholic and Protestant camps, turning political rivalries into holy wars.

The war devastated Central Europe, particularly Germany, through famine and disease. 📜 The Peace of Westphalia (1648)