: Related spreadsheets, such as the DNV RP B-401 Cathodic Protection Design tool, help engineers calculate the mass of anodes and current densities required to protect a pipeline once defects are identified. Benefits and Limitations ACVG | Pipeline Survey Techniques

: An AC signal is injected into the pipeline via a transmitter. Technicians use specialized equipment, such as an A-frame with spikes, to measure the voltage gradient in the soil.

: ACVG can pinpoint defects to within 10cm of their actual location. Role of the XLSX File

ACVG surveys identify areas where a pipeline’s protective coating has failed, known as "," which expose the steel to the soil and increase corrosion risk.

: Variations in signal strength indicate where current is escaping the pipe through a coating defect.

In the context of pipeline maintenance, an .xlsx file serves as a structured report or a design tool.