: Many couriers prefer self-employment for its flexibility and the right to refuse tasks [4, 30].
Major global players like UPS, FedEx, DHL, and Amazon Logistics dominate the traditional shipping landscape, often utilizing a "hub and spoke" model for international reach [29, 32]. The Rise of the Gig Economy COURIERS
: Dealing with damaged packages, incorrect addresses, and sorting errors remains a constant challenge for the industry [25]. The Future of Courier Services : Many couriers prefer self-employment for its flexibility